又因為PACO2大約等於PaCO2，所以可以算出消耗的氧氣壓力。最後就能估算出肺泡的氧氣壓力(PAO2)了。 如需估算年紀較大病人的A-a gradient，大約是 ... ... <看更多>
「aa gradient」的推薦目錄：
aa gradient 在 A-a gradient • LITFL • CCC Ventilation 的相關結果
A-a gradient is calculated as PAO2 – PaO2. A normal A–a gradient for a young adult non-smoker breathing air, is between 5–10 mmHg. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Physiology, Alveolar to Arterial Oxygen Gradient - NCBI 的相關結果
The A-a gradient, or the alveolar-arterial gradient, measures the difference between the oxygen concentration in the alveoli and arterial ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar–arterial gradient - Wikipedia 的相關結果
, or A–a gradient), is a measure of the difference between the alveolar concentration (A) of oxygen and the arterial (a) concentration of oxygen. It is an ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Calculating the A-a Gradient | Lippincott NursingCenter 的相關結果
The alveolar to arterial (A-a) oxygen gradient, which is the difference between the amount of the oxygen in the alveoli (the alveolar oxygen ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient - Family Practice Notebook 的相關結果
Alveolar to arterial Gradient. Alveolar to arterial Gradient (A-a Gradient) is the difference in oxygen concentrations between the alveoli and arterial blood. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a gradient Calculator - Perinatology.com 的相關結果
A-a gradient Calculator. ... The Alveolar-arterial gradient is used to evaluate causes of hypoxemia. Enter values and press 'calculate' button to calculate ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient | ABG Interpretation - MedSchool 的相關結果
An elevated A-a gradient indicates that the partial pressure of Oâ‚‚ is higher in the alveoli than in arterial blood, indicating a V/Q mismatch. Causes of ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 calculator-a-a-gradient-alveolar-arterial-gradient- - UpToDate 的相關結果
Showing results for calculator A a gradient (Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient) Alveolar arterial gradient (Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient). ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient - Medscape Reference 的相關結果
A-a Gradient. Used to determine cause of hypoxemia. The global unit selector only affects unanswered questions. Si US. CalculatorReferences/About. 1.Age? ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient - Merck Manuals 的相關結果
High A-a gradients are associated with oxygen transfer / gas exchange problems. · Hypoxemia in the face of a normal A-a gradient implies hypoventilation with ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-A Gradient & Alveolar Gas Equation: Laboratory Diagnostics 的相關結果
A-a gradient & alveolar gas equation can be used to study various causes of hypoxemia. Find all the relevant information and equations here. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Aa Gradients | Public Safety Training Facility - Monroe ... 的相關結果
A-a Gradients. When a patient is breathing room air (21% oxygen) it is easy to assess the PaO2 value of an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) for hypoxia. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar-arterial Gradient (Aa gradient) determination 的相關結果
A-a gradient is the difference between the alveolar concentration of oxygen and the arterial concentration of oxygen and possible source of ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 The Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Gradient in Patients With ... 的相關結果
We conclude that a normal A-a oxygen gradient does not exclude the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism, and should not preclude further diagnostic procedures ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar-arterial Gradient - www-users 的相關結果
Calculate the Alveolar - arterial gradient given FiO2, PaCO2 and PaO2. ... A normal A-a gradient is less than 10 torr. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a gradient - RnCeus.com 的相關結果
... into the language of mathematics it looks like this: PAO2 = ( 760 - 47 ) x FiO2 - PaCO2 /0.8 (or 1). Normal A-a gradient is 20 in a health young person. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 在App Store 上的「Alveolar - arterial (A-a) Gradient」 的相關結果
A-a oxygen gradient — The alveolar - arterial (A-a) oxygen gradient is a measure of oxygen transfer across alveolar capillary membrane (“A” ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 AA Gradient Calculator 的相關結果
AA gradient, short for alveolar-arterial gradient, serves as a method of differentiation between the causes of hypoxemia in a patient. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Aa GRADIENT - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics 的相關結果
A-a GRADIENT. P(A-a)O2 = PAO2 - PaO2; PaO2, PaCO2: Calculated from ABG: PAO2 = ( ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in asthma 的相關結果
Introduction Measuring small airway function is difficult. Current measures do not test gas transfer. We set out to establish if the A-a oxygen gradient ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar-arterial gradient - wikidoc 的相關結果
It is used in diagnosing the source of hypoxemia. Equation. A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2. Where ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Aa Oxygen Gradient - MedCalc 的相關結果
A-a Oxygen Gradient. PaO2 (partial pressure of arterial O2):, mmHg. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 The Normal Range for A-a Gradient During Oxygen Breathing ... 的相關結果
This arithmetic difference, the so-called “A-a Gradient” (A-aΔO2), is frequently used to quantify the presence and magnitude of disordered gas exchange in ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Mechanical Ventilation Series- Aa gradient. - Critical Care ... 的相關結果
Jonathan Downham · More videos · More videos on YouTube · Mechanical Ventilation Series- A-a gradient. · Artery · So the A-a gradient is a comparison of the oxygen ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 AA Gradient - Test Guide Mobile 的相關結果
AA Gradient Short Description : Alveolar - Arterial Oxygen Gradient. INTRODUCTION. The alveolar-arterial (A-a) oxygen gradient is a measure ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 The Aa Gradient – Why it exists, and why we care - Calgary ... 的相關結果
The A-a Gradient: Simple Explanation · The A-a Gradient: More Scientific Explanation. © 2021 - The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Use of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in the diagnosis of ... 的相關結果
background: Arterial blood gas (ABG) values and the alveolar-arterial oxygen (A-a) gradient are sensitive indicators of pulmonary pathology. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Understanding Oxygenation: The Alveolar-arterial Gradient - 的相關結果
The Alveolar-arterial gradient (A-a gradient) is a mathematical equation that calculates how difficult it is for oxygen to cross the ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 [Posted as supplied by author] Appendix The alveolar gas ... 的相關結果
The A-a gradient (calculated by subtracting PaO2 from PAO2) is an index of the efficiency of oxygen uptake in the lungs and under normal physiological ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Aa gradient - EMbeds.co.uk 的相關結果
A-a gradient = Alveolar Oxygen - arterial Oxygen This is "relatively" simple way of working out if the paO2 on a ABG is normal, ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Print 的相關結果
A-a gradient = (Alveolar PO2 - Arterial PO2). Alveolar PO2 = ((Barometric pressure - Water vapor pressure) x FIO2) - (PaCO2/Respiratory quotient). ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 ABG的判讀 的相關結果
A-a gradient. @ pH, acidosis or alkalosis? @ Respiratory or metabolic? @ 是否有代償? 代償是否完全? ▫ 是什麼原因造成的? ▫ 要做哪些處置? ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient Is of Little Use in Evaluating for PE - NEJM ... 的相關結果
Physicians are trained early to calculate the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient when evaluating patients with potential pulmonary embolism. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Relationship between the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ... 的相關結果
Abstract. Objectives: To determine whether the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (Grad[A-a]O2) helps confirm the influence of PEEP on PaFi (PaO2/FiO2). ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient Calculator - MDApp 的相關結果
This A-a gradient calculator helps diagnose hypoxemia and its cause based on the difference between alveolar and arterial oxygen ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient Equation Page :: MediCalculator ::: ScyMed ::: 的相關結果
Alveolar-arterial Oxygen Gradient is expressed in mmHg (torr). PA-aO2 and A-aDO2 are used indistinctly. PH2O, PB and R field values have been prepopulated ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient Calculator 的相關結果
A-a gradient at sea level. pO₂ : pCO₂ : FiO₂ : A-a gradient = This computerized calculation assumes that the current barometric pressure is 760 mm Hg and ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 In Pulmonary Embolus is the Aa gradient a useful diagnostic ... 的相關結果
Three Part Question. In [a patient with a suspected PE] is [an abnormal aa gradient] a [reliable indicator of a PE] ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar Arterial Gradient (a-a Gradient) | Medical Calculator 的相關結果
The Alveolar–arterial gradient (A-aO2, or A–a gradient), is a measure of the difference between the alveolar concentration (A) of oxygen and the arterial ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Importance of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient 的相關結果
We describe a 41-year-old patient with pneumonia who presented with abdominal pain, in whom calculation of the A-a gradient could have led to ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Oxygen Deprivation - Respiratory - Medbullets Step 1 的相關結果
A-a Gradient. Alveolar gas equation. predicts the change in PAO2 that will occur for a given change in PACO2; PAO2 = alveolar PO2 ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 tension - based indices of oxygenation - Deranged Physiology 的相關結果
A-a gradient. Magnitude of the PO2 gradient between the alveolus and the arterial blood, expressed in mmHg · a/A ratio. A ratio of arterial to ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Can alveolar—arterial oxygen gradient predict severity of ... 的相關結果
The perceived risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) can be assessed by oxygenation and calculation of the alveolar–arterial (A-a) oxygen (O2) ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Oxygen Gradient | Calculators - Emergency Central 的相關結果
Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient. Difference between the alveolar and arterial concentration of oxygen; Can help identify the mechanism of hypoxemia ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Measures of pulmonary dysfunction are - AANA 的相關結果
Role of Alveolar-Arterial Gradient in Partial. Pressure of Oxygen and PaO2/Fraction of. Inspired Oxygen Ratio Measurements in. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Hypoxemia - Oxford Medicine Online 的相關結果
Calculating the A-a gradient is easy using the alveolar gas equation and values from the arterial blood gas report. 1. First, the alveolar oxygen tension (PaO2) ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar–arterial gradient 的相關結果
The A–a gradient helps to assess the integrity of the alveolar capillary unit. ... from the alveoli to the blood which results in an elevated A-a gradient. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Can alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient predict severity of ... 的相關結果
Background The perceived risk for pulmonary embolism. (PE) can be assessed by oxygenation and calculation of the alveolar–arterial (A-a) oxygen (O2) ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient - GPnotebook 的相關結果
A-a (gradient) = PAO2 (partial pressure alveolar O2) - PaO2 (partial pressure arterial O2) · PAO2 = (FiO2 - PCO2)/R where R is approximately 0.8 and FiO2 is 20 ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient | Pathway Medicine 的相關結果
The "A-a Gradient", or "Alveolar-arterial Gradient", refers to the difference in the theoretical partial pressure of alveolar oxygen compared to the ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 MSH CareTeam - A-a Gradient - Sinai Directory 的相關結果
Calculates the Alveolar-Arterial Gradient to assess degree of shunting and V/Q mismatch . A-a O2 Gradient = [ (FiO2) * (Atmospheric Pressure - H2O Pressure) ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a gradient - EMed 的相關結果
Formula (kPa). A-a = FiO2 - (1.25 x PaCO2) - PaO2. Normal A-a : young <3, >60 years <4. ↑ A-a gradient = V/Q mismatch: LVF/Pulm. oedema; PE · ARDS; LRTI ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 The pathophysiology of 'happy' hypoxemia in COVID-19 的相關結果
Measuring the alveolar to arterial oxygen (P(A-a)O2 gradient (150 mmHg - PaCO2/0.8 - PaO2 at sea level) and relating this value to age and ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Does an Increase in Inspired CO2 Alter the CO2 Aa Gradient? 的相關結果
This research project examines whether an increase in FICO2 alters the A-a gradient for CO2 in humans if the end-expired CO2 concentration is kept constant ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Blood Gas Text - Mad Scientist Software 的相關結果
Calculating the Aa Gradient · 1) Subtracting the partial pressure of water vapor at 37 degrees centigrade from the barometric pressure. · 2) This result is ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Assessment of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient as a ... 的相關結果
The A-a gradient is a poor screening test for PE in pregnancy and postpartum. Suspicion of PE should prompt early imaging studies to rapidly ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Respiratory physiology - Knowledge @ AMBOSS 的相關結果
Alveolar-arterial gradient (. A-a gradient. ) · Age · Higher concentration of inhaled oxygen. (e.g., goes up to 50–60 mm Hg with 100% O2 in a few ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Relationship Between Arterial-Alveolar Oxygen Gradient ... 的相關結果
arterial oxygen (A-a O2) gradient resulted as a good predictor of mortality in patients admitted for community acquired pneumonia (CAP). ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 THE ALVEOLAR-ARTERIAL OXYGEN PRESSURE ... 的相關結果
(A-A gradient) is 4.2 2.0 mm. Hg for the control group and 20.5 + 4.6 mm. Hg for the anemic group. The difference is quite significant. (p < .01). ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a gradient unhelpful in pregnancy - resusme 的相關結果
Unfortunately, the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient does not do the job. A recent study compared the A-a gradient with CTPA as the gold ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A64. GAS EXCHANGE, HIGH ALTITUDE AND HYPOXIA 的相關結果
Do Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score (CPS) and Serum Albumin Correlate with Alveolar-arterial Gradient (A-a Gradient) in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Evaluation of Arterial Blood Gases and ... - Wiley Online Library 的相關結果
A-a gradient alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. ABG arterial blood gas. ABP arterial blood pressure. BCS body condition score. BD brachycephalic dog. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 The clinical and physiological significance of negative ... - Gale 的相關結果
However, until now the influence of the pattern of breathing on the A-a gradient has never been assessed. We hypothesized that in hyperventilation, the alveolar ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Master Aa Gradient with Picmonic for Medicine - Physiology 的相關結果
The A-a gradient can be calculated by subtracting the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen, which is calculated using the alveolar gas equation, by the arterial ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient - Evidencio 的相關結果
A-a Gradient. Research authors: H F Helmholz Jr ... Calculated A-a gradient is: ... mmHg. Set all parameters to calculate prediction. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 How can I put aa gradient text on a btn in Safari? - Stack ... 的相關結果
So it looks like this is just a bug with buttons. I've been trying to crack it for a little bit. That said, if those buttons are linking out ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 UNDERSTANDING THE BLUE PATIENT Amy Breton Newfield ... 的相關結果
The Alveolar-arterial gradient (A-a gradient), is a measure of the difference between the alveolar concentration of oxygen and the arterial concentration of ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen ... 的相關結果
Respiratory diseases and A-a gradient measurement. JAMA. 252: 1344. 10. Rossi A, ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A a gradient fin - SlideShare 的相關結果
Explaining the Aa gradient Using analogy of underground trains (for blood flow) and passengers (for oxygen). Peer reviewed on 26/07/17. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Respiratory Medicine AA Gradient & Alveolar Gas Equation 的相關結果
Respiratory Medicine A-A Gradient & Alveolar Gas Equation – Laboratory ... in Health and Disease : Calculating the Alveolar Oxygen & the A - a O 2 gradient. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Blood gas analysis, pt 7: evaluating oxygenation and ventilation 的相關結果
A-a gradient. Once hypoxia has been established, the A-a gradient will help determine whether it is caused by ventilation failure or an ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient - EBMcalc Medical Calculator 的相關結果
The equation for expected A-a gradient assumes the patient is breathing room air; therefore, it is less accurate at higher percentages of inspired oxygen. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 ABG Interpretation: A Respirologist's approach 的相關結果
Step 5: Is the anion gap the only process. • Step 6: Calculate the osmolar gap. • Step 7: Calculate the A-a gradient. • Step 8: Cause of hypoxemia. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Pulmonary Physiology and Respiratory Failure 的相關結果
Hypoxemia · A-a Gradient: excellent measure of shunt, but not completely FiO2-independent. · a/A Ratio: FiO2-independent measure of shunt. · P/F Ratio: rough ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 19 Cyanosis, Hypoxia | Medical Council of Canada 的相關結果
Normal A-a gradient. Hypoventilation (e.g., opioid overdose); High altitude. Peripheral (e.g., low cardiac output, cold exposure) ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Arterial blood gas analysis and interpretation in small-animal ... 的相關結果
The Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO2 or A-a gradient) is an indication of the difference in oxygen partial pressure between the ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 News and MCQs for Medical Professionals - USMLE | Facebook 的相關結果
Tip: The A-a gradient equation at sea level: PAO2 = 150 mm Hg - PaCO2/0.8 PAO2-PaO2 = gradient Normal gradient is 8-12mmHg V/Q... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Oxygenation/Oxygen Transport - LearnPICU 的相關結果
Measures of Oxygenation · Aa gradient: The difference between the alveolar and arterial partial pressure of oxygen= PAO2-PaO2 . The normal value for the Aa ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Approach to the Aa Gradient Aa gradient = PAO2 - GrepMed 的相關結果
Approach to the A-a Gradient A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2 A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2/0.8)] - PaO2 Simplified A-a (assumes ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Pulmonary function in the newborn infant: the alveolar-arterial ... 的相關結果
The venous admixture component of the total alveolar-arterial gradient for oxygen (AaD-O2) has been measured in 26 normal infants less than 4 days of age ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Interpretation of PO 2 via FIO 2 : In Response - Lippincott 的相關結果
The A-a gradient, along with shunt fraction, can help one with delineation of major physiologic causes of hypoxemia (hypoventilation, V/Q mismatch, ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 VETgirl Mechanical Ventilation Silverstein 2-17-3 的相關結果
Calculating the A-a gradient. • Useful in determining lung function. • Is the dog just hypoventilating or is there a pulmonary parenchymal. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Respiratory/Pulmonary Emergencies - Boston University ... 的相關結果
5) A-a gradient differentiates intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary causes of hypercapnia and hypoxemia. 6) A-a gradient must be measured with patient either ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Aa gradient @ yesblueym的網路日誌 - 隨意窩 的相關結果
A-a gradient = Fio2(760-47)- Paco2/R - PaO2 大於二十表示有肺部疾病!! ------------------------- 這個月跟到一個很mur的vs 查房沒有call我在station說二個R不如 ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Aa gradient - Medical Dictionary 的相關結果
A a Gradient. A measure of the difference between alveolar and arterial oxygen, which is equal to PAO2 - PaO2, and is a value of use in determining whether ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Pulmonary Physiology 的相關結果
7.1 - Calculate her A-a (alveolar - arterial) oxygen gradient. What key factors affect this measurement? Check Answer; 7.2 - If the A-a gradient is normal ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar gas equation Flashcards - Cram.com 的相關結果
What is the normal 'A-a gradient'?. Up to middle age, breathing ambient air, normal P(A-a)O2 ranges between 5 and 20 mm Hg. Breathing an ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Oxygen Gradient - RCEMLearning India 的相關結果
This difference is known as the A-a gradient. Its calculation can help to distinguish between types of hypoxia. In which of the following cases is the A-a ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient - Medicina Intensiva 的相關結果
Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient = A normal A-a gradient is less than 10 torr. High gradients result from impaired diffusion or by ventilation-perfusion ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a gradient, hypoxemia and hypoxi - AK Lectures 的相關結果
Hypoxemia is defined as a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the blood. The A-a gradient is a useful tool used to differentiate among the different causes of. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients after open intracardiac ... 的相關結果
veolar-arterial oxygen (A-a) gradient while they were breathing oxygen, (2) determine the time course of the abnormality in oxy- gen transport in the lungs, ... ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Alveolar O2 and Altitude | PFTBlog - PFT Forum 的相關結果
When this is done you can calculate the difference between alveolar and arterial PO2 (known alternately as the A-a gradient or PAaO2). ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a Gradient.doc - Wellington ICU 的相關結果
A-a Gradient. 30/11/10. Oh page 135. - calculated as PAO2 – PaO2. - PAO2 is the 'ideal' compartment alveolar PO2 determined from the alveolar gas equation. ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 Hypoxemia - WikEM 的相關結果
Always associated with increased PaCO2; Normal A-a gradient ... of arterial O2 levels to increase with supplemental O2 (increased A-a). ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 B010002 [Anesthesia QuizBank] 的相關結果
有關導致低血氧(hypoxemia)的原因，下列何者最能引起P(A-a)O2 gradient 的增加？ A. Decreased barometric pressure. B. Decreased FiO2. C. Shunting (high Qs/Qt). ... <看更多>
aa gradient 在 A-a O₂ Gradient - MDCalc 的相關結果
The A-a O2 Gradient assesses for degree of shunting and V/Q mismatch. ... Age (for expected A-a gradient). years. Is this a COVID-19 patient? ... <看更多>